Effect of DEX on PPAR expression. CLL cells from the indicated patient samples were treated with or without DEX for 18 hours. (A) PPARA, (B) PPARD, and (C) PDK4 transcripts (relative to HPRT) were then measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (D) Expression of phospho-GR and PPARα proteins were also measured in 4 patients by (top) immunoblotting, with β-actin used as a loading control, and (middle and bottom) quantified by densitometry. PPARα protein and mRNA were both increased by DEX at this time.