Effects of human vascular growth factor gene transduction on the brain vasculature. Immunostaining of the targeted brain regions 2 weeks after transduction. Quantification of (A) podocalyxin-positive areas. ***P < .001, when compared with HSA control; error bars show SD. (B-G) Examples of podocalyxin staining of (B) VEGF, (C) VEGF-B, (D) VEGF-C, (E) PlGF, (F) cAng1, and (G) HSA transduced brains. (B,D) Arrowheads point to hemangiomas. (C,E-G) Arrows point out needle path. Scale bar, 200 μm.