Association results for acute chest syndrome and painful crisis. (A) Histograms showing the distribution of the acute chest syndrome (left) and painful crisis (right) rates in the CSSCD participants analyzed in this study (N = 1514). (B) Quantile–quantile (QQ; left column) and Manhattan (right column) plots of association results for acute chest syndrome (top) and painful crisis (bottom) analyzed in participants from the CSSCD. In the QQ plots, the gray area corresponds to the 90% CI. Results are corrected using the genomic control method.