In vivo stabilization of HIF-1α increases the number of HSCs and HPCs in the BM. (A) Number of LKS⁺48-150⁺ HSCs, LKS⁺48⁺ lineage-restricted HPCs, and LKS- myeloid progenitors in mouse BM after a 6-day treatment with saline or FG-4497 in vivo. Data are shown as the means ± SD from 6 mice per treatment group. (B) Number of total CFCs and CFU-GEMM after a 6-day treatment with saline or FG-4497 in vivo. Data are shown as the means ± SD from 6 mice per treatment group. (C) Competitive repopulation assay after treatment with DMOG or saline for 18 days. BM cells from 10 CD45.2⁺ donor mice per treatment group were pooled within each treatment group. A total of 200 000 CD45.2⁺ BM cells from each treatment group were transplanted with 200 000 competitive whole BM cells from untreated congenic B6.SJL CD45.1⁺ mice into 9 lethally irradiated CD45.1⁺ recipients. CD45.2⁺ donor contribution was measured in the blood 16 weeks after transplantation in total CD45⁺ leukocytes, CD11b⁺ myeloid cells, B220⁺ B cells, and CD3⁺ T cells by flow cytometry (all recipients showed multilineage chimerism with over 0.5% donor CD45.2⁺ contribution in each lineage). Each dot represents an individual recipient; the bar represents the average. (D) Percentage of CD45.2⁺ donor leukocytes in the blood at 8, 12, and 16 weeks after transplantation. Each line represents an individual mouse (black lines are DMOG-treated donors; gray lines are saline-treated donors). (E) Number of RUs/femur from donor chimerism at 16 weeks after transplantation. Data are shown as the means ± SD from 9 mice per group. Significance levels were calculated using a t test (A-B) or Mann-Whitney test (C,E).