Potential functions for lncRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. (A) On the basis of their known activities in many cell types (Figure 1), lncRNAs may function during normal hematopoiesis to recruit transcription factors, coactivators, and activating chromatin factors to lineage-specific genes, thereby modulating gene expression to facilitate the differentiation and maturation of blood lineages. LncRNAs are indicated in green. (B) Absence or inappropriate expression of relevant lncRNAs could alter transcription to block normal differentiation and activate leukemic pathways. (C) Hematological malignancy subtypes may express distinct lncRNA expression profiles that reflect cell type of origin, mechanism of transformation, treatment sensitivities, and prognosis. Professional illustration by Debra T. Dartez.