Microarray assay of gene expression in CML CD34⁺ cells cocultured with and without MSCs and with or without IM. (A) The number of differentially expressed genes when comparing the different treatments and (B) the interactions between MSCs and IM in determining gene expression in CML CD34⁺ cells are shown. GSEA showed increased expression of gene sets related to HSC self-renewal and quiescence, cytokine signaling, adhesion, metabolism, and cell cycle regulation in MSC-cocultured CML CD34⁺ cells with or without IM (C) and enrichment of cadherin (D) and Wnt–β-catenin (E) –related gene sets.