BLI allows visualization of therapy in pMM-bearing mice. (A) Eight weeks after implantation, humanized mice were inoculated with luciferase-marked pMM cells (patient 3) and followed by BLI in time. Seven weeks after tumor inoculation, mice were treated as indicated. Shown are BLI images of representative mice before (week 7; top panels) and 2 weeks after treatment (week 9; bottom panels). (B) Quantification of the therapeutic intervention of mice inoculated with luciferase-marked pMM cells of patient 3. (C) Quantification of the tumor regression (black bar) of a melphalan-treated pMM-bearing mice of patient 3. Results are expressed as relative tumor growth with the growth after treatment (white bar) set to 100. (D) Quantification of daratumumab-treated (black bars) pMM-bearing mice of patient 3, which barely responded to dexamethasone (n = 2) or bortezomib (n = 2). Results are expressed as relative tumor growth with the growth before intervention (white bars) set to 100. (E) Quantification of treatment of mice (n = 2 for control, melphalan, and doxorubicin, and n = 3 for dexamethasone and daratumumab) inoculated with luciferase-marked pMM cells of patient 4. (F) Quantification of treatment of mice (all groups n = 2) inoculated with luciferase-marked pMM cells of patient 7. (G) Analysis of blood (left) and BM (right) for human CD138⁺ cells after euthanasia of the patient 7 pMM-bearing mice. Results are expressed as the percentage of CD138⁺ cells with the percentage in the PBS-treated group set to 100. In panels B, E, and F, results are expressed as relative tumor growth with the growth before intervention set to 100 (solid line). In panels B and D through G, bars represent the means ± SEM of the mice within a therapeutic group after treatment.