RNF4 expression induces cellular redistribution of Tax. HEK 293T cells were transiently transfected to express RNF4-GFP (RNF4), RNF4-mCherry RING Mutant (RNF4 RM), and/or native Tax (Tax). At 48 hours after transfection, cells were fixed and subjected to immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. RNF4-GFP and RNF4 RM-GFP were detected by direct fluorescence. Tax and sc35 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence using the appropriate anti–rabbit or anti–mouse Alexa Fluor–conjugated secondary Abs. Row 1 shows the expression of native Tax (Tax, green) and endogenous SC35 (sc35, red). Row 2 shows the expression of RNF4-GFP (RNF4, green) and endogenous SC35 (sc35, red). Row 3 shows the expression of RNF4-GFP (RNF4, green) and native Tax (red). Row 4 shows the expression of RNF4 RING mutant (green) and native Tax (Tax, red). Nuclei of cells were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole/TO-PRO (blue). Each row shows expression of the individual protein and an overlay image (Merged).