Early killing of HIV-1–infected cells by CTLs is viral inoculum dependent. 1CC4.14 cells were infected with various amounts of VSV-G Env-pseudotyped NL4-3-ΔEnv and assessed for killing by CTLS (⁵¹Cr release) in the presence or absence of ART over time at 12 hours after infection. The data are representative of 3 independent experiments, except those shown in panel C, which are representative of 2 independent experiments.