Schematic representation of the PI3K/PKB signaling module. Activation of PI3K by receptor stimulation results in the production of PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ at the plasma membrane. PKB subsequently translocates to the plasma membrane where it is phosphorylated by PDK1 and the mTORC2 complex. On phosphorylation, PKB is released into the cytoplasm where it can both inhibitory phosphorylate multiple substrates, including FoxO transcription factors and GSK-3, and induce the activity of other substrates, such as mTOR as part of the mTORC1 complex. Negative regulators of the PI3K/PKB signaling module include PTEN, SHIP1, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, and PHLPP1/2.