Expression levels of miR-181 family members and the 4 homeobox genes can separate favorable subtypes of CA-AML from unfavorable ones. The favorable subtypes of CA-AML carrying t(15;17), t(8;21), or inv(16) exhibited an increased expression of miR-181 family members and a decreased expression of the 4 homeobox genes compared with the poor prognosis subtypes of CA-AML bearing t(11q23) or (+8).