Improved radioprotection and short-time engraftment on BM transplantation with cells exposed to VPA + Li. LSK cells cultured for 7 days with GM-CSF and SCF in the presence or absence of VPA + Li were transplanted into lethally irradiated recipients with or without competitors. (A) Survival of the recipients was screened for 40 days after noncompetitive transplantations. Significance was calculated with Mantel-Cox test (P = .043) and Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test (P = .0394). (B) Platelet counts in the peripheral blood of recipient mice at 10 to up to 40 days after transplantation. Error bars represent SEM. (C) Red blood cell counts in the peripheral blood of recipient mice at 10 to up to 40 days after transplantation. Error bars represent SEM. (D) LSK cells cultured for 7 days were competitively transplanted with fresh BM cells into lethally irradiated recipients. Percentage of donor cells in the peripheral blood of recipient mice up to 28 weeks after transplantation. Error bars represent SEM (n = 5). The differences between groups were evaluated by Welch t test, *P < .05.