Complete reconstruction of integrin inside-out activation with liposomes and nanodiscs. (A) Incorporation of THD into integrin liposomes resulted in activation of the externally oriented αIIbβ3. (B) Integrin-αIIbβ3 in nanodiscs is in an inactive bent conformation. Addition of THD resulted in the activation of αIIbβ3 leading to increased binding affinity for its ligand and a shift toward the extended conformation.