Decreased serum adiponectin concentrations in female MGUS patients are associated with progression to myeloma. (A) Concentration of HMW adiponectin in serum from matched controls and patients with MGUS that subsequently progressed or did not progress to myeloma. Data are subdivided to demonstrate differences between male and female (control, n = 40; MGUS with progression, n = 20; and MGUS no progression, n = 20). (B) Percentage decrease from matched control in HMW adiponectin serum concentrations in MGUS patients who either progress or do not progress to myeloma. (C) Adiponectin expression relative to serum monoclonal protein expression in patients with MGUS who progress to myeloma. (A-B) Data are mean ± SEM. *P < .05, compared with control. #P < .05, compared with MGUS with progression.