Dosing schedule and treatment schema. Patients received up to 4 cycles (28 days each) of KTd induction therapy before initiating SCH, HDM, and ASCT. Carfilzomib was administered IV over 2 to 10 minutes on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 at a starting dose of 20 mg/m2 for days 1 and 2 of cycle 1 and escalated to a target dose of 27 mg/m2 (cohort 1), 36 mg/m2 (cohort 2), 45 mg/m2 (cohort 3), or 56 mg/m2 (cohort 4, not shown) for days 8, 9, 15, and 16 of cycle 1 and days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of cycles 2 to 4. Thalidomide 200 mg was administered on days 1 to 28, and dexamethasone 20 mg was administered on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16. SCH was performed using cyclophosphamide 2 to 4 g/m2 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor according to institutional protocols. After ASCT, up to 4 cycles (28 days each) of consolidation therapy were initiated. The KTd consolidation regimen was similar to the induction regimen, except that the target doses of carfilzomib and thalidomide were 27 mg/m2 and 50 mg, respectively.
