The effect of genotype-guided dosing on response time course during the first 3 weeks of warfarin therapy. (A) The average response observed in patients dosed by the WRAPID nomogram, represented as mean with 95% CI of the SE, is similar to the PK-PD model–predicted anticoagulation response time course. The observed INR time courses among VKORC1 (A) and CYP2C9 (B) genotype groups, presented as LOWESS (locally weighted scatterplot smoothing regression) smoothed plots, rise and are maintained within the therapeutic range in a parallel and similar manner.