Summary of miR-146a regulation and functions. Transcription of miR-146a is thought to be induced by transcription factors NF-κB and c-ETS while possibly repressed by c-myc and PLZF. miR-146a targets mRNAs of TRAF6, IRAK1, and STAT1, among others, leading to decreased NF-κB activation and/or decreased IFN response. Overall, miR-146a has a repressive effect on myeloid cell development, NF-κB–induced inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity and hematopoietic malignancies.