TLR4 and TLR7/8 signaling pathways are downmodulated in HCQ-treated patients. TLR signaling pathway after TLR4 (A) and TLR7/8 stimulation (B) in HIV-infected INRs. Results obtained at baseline, after 6 months (ms) of HCQ treatment, and 2 months after HCQ interruption are shown. Mean values, SE, and P values are indicated.