HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cells express high levels of inhibitory molecules before ART. (A-D) Comparisons of MFI and percentage of PD-1, CD160, 2B4, and LAG-3 expression on HIV-specific and CMV-specific CD8⁺ T cells in matched samples from 85 HIV⁺ persons. HIV-specific (n = 52, blue circles) and CMV-specific (n = 60, dark gray circles) CD8⁺ T cells before ART; HIV-specific (n = 59, red circles) and CMV-specific (n = 62, light gray circles) CD8⁺ T cells after ART. Each dot represents one person at one time point. (E) Percentage expression of inhibitory molecules on HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cells before ART (n = 52, blue bars) and after ART (n = 59, red bars), and on CMV-specific CD8⁺ T cells before ART (n = 60, dark gray bars) and after ART (n = 62, light gray bars) are shown for each of the 16 phenotypic subsets based on the expression profiles of PD-1, CD160, 2B4, and LAG-3. *P < .01, **P < .001, ***P < .0001.