Induction of Gal1 expression by LMP1 and LMP2A. (A) LMP1- and LMP2A-enhanced LGALS1-promoter–driven luciferase activity. 293T cells were cotransfected with the pGL3-LGALS1 promoter,⁴  control reporter plasmid pRL-PGK, and pFLAG-CMV2 empty vector, or with the expression vector LMP1-FLAG or LMP2A-FLAG or LMP1-FLAG plus LMP2A-FLAG, and evaluated for relative luciferase activity. (B) RNAi-mediated down-regulation of LMP2A in the EBV-transformed LCL NOR. β-Actin was used as a loading control. (C) Chemical inhibition of PI3K activity (25μM Ly294002) and associated change in Gal1 expression in EBV-transformed LCLs.