CSN5 is required for activation of macrophages. (A) Flow cytometric analysis of expression of TNF-α in macrophages activated with Pam3csk4 or LPS for 30 minutes, poly(I:C) for 5 hours, or CL097 for 3 hours. (B) ELISA of TNF-α production in the presence of different concentrations of poly (I:C) 1 day after stimulation. (C) ELISA of TNF-α and IFNβ production after macrophages were infected with Lm or VSV for 24 hours. BMDMs were stimulated with TLR ligands. The supernatant fluids were collected at 48 hours (D) after the stimulation. Induction of NO was determined by a nitrate and nitrite colorimetric assay kit. **P < .01; ***P < .005. Data are representative of 4 experiments (n = 5).