Complement regulates cytokine production and/or release during a hemodialysis simulation. The amounts of (A) IFN-γ, (B) IL-1RA, and (C) G-CSF during hemodialysis simulation. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments (mean ± SEM). The 2-way analysis of variance test was used to assess statistical significance of differences in the amounts of cytokines after treatment of the blood with compstatin analogs (▴) or the control peptide (■): (A) P < .018, (B) P < .030, and (C) P > .008.