Prophylactic but not therapeutic COX inhibition triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. WT mice were injected intraperitoneally with GBS 1 hour after oral administration of NS-398 (COX2 inhibitor), SC-560 (COX1 inhibitor) or SC-560 plus infliximab with (A) complete reversal of COX1-mediated cytokine storm (TNFα synthesis, Figure 4F) afforded by infliximab. SC-560 and NS-398 were dosed orally 1 hour after GBS injection causing little effects on (B-C) inflammatory cytokine levels in cell-free inflammatory exudates 3 hours later. Survival analysis was completed on 8 mice/group and the log-rank test was used to compare each group against one another. ** values represent P < .01 for controls versus Sc-560/infliximab. For cytokines, values are expressed as the mean ± SEM of 5-7 mice/group and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett multiple comparison test. *values represent P < .05. Survival experiments had 8 mice/group.