Inhibition of endothelial activation decreases pulmonary metastasis. BALB/c, C57BL/6, or SCID mice were treated with VCAM-1 blocking antibody, VAP-1 inhibitor, or both. Mice were injected intravenously with 5 × 105 4T1-GFP, CMFDA-stained B16F10, or 1205Lu-GFP tumor cells, respectively. Lungs were harvested 8 hours later to assess for CD11b+ cell recruitment (A) and for clot formation (B), which were analyzed by immunohistochemistry against CD11b and the platelet-specific integrin αIIb, respectively. Lungs were harvested 24 hours after the introduction of tumor cells to analyze tumor cell survival, scored in lung sections (C; ≥ 10 sections analyzed per mouse) or by whole lung imaging, (D, as described in the supplemental Methods). Data represent mean + SD; n ≥ 3 mice (one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test or Mann-Whitney test when only 2 groups were compared, for each cell line) and *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.
