Involvement of σ-1R, Src kinase, and NADPH oxidase in the regulation of MAPKs and PI3K/Akt cell-signaling pathways. Pretreatment of BV-2 cells with σ-1R antagonist-BD1047 (A), σ-1R siRNA (B), Src inhibitor PP2 (C), or NADPH inhibitor apocynin (D) resulted in inhibition of cocaine-mediated phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and Akt pathways. Representative immunoblots and the densitometric analyses of pERK/ERK, pJNK/JNK, and p-Akt/Akt from 4 separate experiments are presented. All the data are indicated as means ± SD of 4 individual experiments. **P < .01; ***P < .001 versus control group; #P < .05; ##P < .01; ###P < .001 versus cocaine-treated group.