Dependency of parasitemia and hemoglobin levels on age and β-globin genotypes in children between the ages of 3 and 24 months (± 4 weeks). ● represents HbAA; ■, HbAS; and ♦, HbAC. (A) Age-adjusted geomean of maximum parasitemia during 180-day intervals. Children with the HbAS genotype had significant lower log-transformed parasite densities compared with those with the HbAA genotype (GEE model: HbAA vs HbAS, P < .001). (B) Age-adjusted mean of minimum hemoglobin levels during 180-day intervals. Compared with children with the HbAA genotype, those with HbAS had significantly higher hemoglobin levels (GEE: HbAA vs HbAS, P < .003) and those with HbAC had significantly lower hemoglobin levels (GEE: HbAA vs HbAC, P < .02)