Survival of children with sickle cell disease. (A) Overall survival (all-cause mortality) for children with sickle cell anemia and sickle β⁰-thalassemia. Estimated survival at 18 years of age is 93.9% (95% CI: 90.3-96.2). Numbers above the x-axis indicate the number of subjects at risk at each age. (B) Overall survival (all-cause mortality) for children with sickle hemoglobin C disease and sickle β⁺-thalassemia. Estimated survival at 18 years of age is 98.4% (95% CI: 94.4-99.5). Numbers above the x-axis indicate the number of subjects at risk at each age. (C) Trends in overall survival for children with sickle cell anemia and sickle β⁰-thalassemia by cohort era. Cohort eras are defined by year of birth (1983-1990, 1991-1999, and 2000-2007). (D) Comparison of overall survival for children with sickle cell anemia and sickle β⁰-thalassemia by cohort. We compare the first and last thirds of the Jamaican cohort, the infant cohort of the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease, the East London Cohort, and the first and last eras of the Dallas Newborn Cohort. Note that the y-axes (fraction surviving) of all panels do not begin at 0.