Schematic of signaling pathways and individual differentially expressed genes that contribute to CD3⁺CD4⁻TCRVβ⁺CD57⁺ T-cell behavior. (A) Heat map of differentially expressed genes shows significant difference in gene expression sets between CD3⁺CD4⁻TCRVβ⁺CD57⁺ and CD3⁺CD4⁻TCRVβ⁺CD57⁻ samples. P1-3 indicates patient nos. 1 through 3. (B) Signaling pathways contribute to low proliferation index, cytotoxicity, and low rate of turnover of clonal T cells. Patient nos. 1 through 3 were used in this analysis.