Long-term reconstitution through direct ossicle injection or retro-orbital injection of HSCs. (A) Direct injection of whole bone marrow into ossicles resulted in long-term reconstitution in 5 of 25 irradiated mice. Each line represents the frequency of donor-derived myeloid, B, or T cells in a single mouse at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after transplantation. The red lines represent mice that were long-term multilineage reconstituted, blue lines represent nonreconstituted mice. (B) Directly injecting whole bone marrow into PTH-treated ossicles reconstituted 10 of 20 irradiated mice.