Effects of the presence of OxPAPC during DC differentiation. Human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured for 6 days in GM-CSF and IL-4 to receive immature monocyte-derived DCs (clear histograms) or with the addition of 25 μg/mL OxPAPC added at day of differentiation (gray histograms). Cells were harvested, and the surface expression level of the indicated markers was measured by flow cytometry. The dotted line in the CD1a histogram represents VIAP staining (isotype control). Results are representative of at least 5 independent experiments.