Relationship between IL-17, Th1-type chemokines, and effector T-cell tumor trafficking. (A) Effector CD8⁺ T cells expressed CXCR3. Blood and tumor-associated T cells were stained for CXCR3; n = 8. P < .01. (B) Effector CD8⁺ T cells migrated toward tumor ascites through CXCR3. Tumor-associated CD8⁺ T cells were subject to migration to different concentrations of tumor ascites with or without anti-CXCR3. Results are expressed as the mean migration index ± SEM; n = 8. P < .01. (C-D) The correlation between the mRNA levels of CXCL9 (H), CXCL10 (I), and CD8⁺ T cells in the same tumors. The mRNA levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were quantified by real-time PCR. Tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells were defined by immunofluorescence staining and were quantified as described in “Tissue immunofluorescence staining.” (E-F) The correlation between the levels of IL-17 and CD8⁺ T cells in the same tumors. Tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells were defined by immunofluorescence staining and were quantified as described in “Tissue immunofluorescence staining.” Representative images showed CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration in low versus high levels of IL-17 (E). The numbers of tumor effector CD8⁺ T cells in patients with low versus high levels of tumor ascites IL-17 were compared (P = .009; F).