The effect of ROCK and Rac1 inhibitors on expression and function of adhesion molecules. (A) Effect of SDF1, ROCK, and Rac1 inhibitors on the expression of CXCR4, LFA1, and VLA4 detected by flow cytometry. It was shown that none of the inhibitors or their combination affected the internalization of CXCR4 induced by SDF1, and neither SDF1 nor any of the inhibitors affected the expression of LFA1 or VLA4 on MM1S cells. (B) The expression of ICAM and VCAM on BMSCs indicates that both molecules were expressed on BMSCs. (C) The adhesion of MM1S cells to plates coated with recombinant ICAM and VCAM shows that MM1S cells adhered to VCAM more than ICAM and that the inhibitors reduced only the adhesion of MM1S to VCAM. (D) The effect of ROCK and Rac1 inhibitors on the adhesion of MM1S cell to recombinant fibronectin in the presence or absence of VLA4 blocking antibody shows that none of the inhibitors had an additive effect beyond that of VLA4 blocking antibody. Panel C: groups compared with SDF1-treated group. *P < .05; #P < .01.