STAT signaling is most highly activated in AML patients with poor prognosis and is associated with MN1 and HOXA9 co-overexpression. (A) Experimental design and analysis algorithm of gene expression and pathway analysis in 201 AML patients of defined cytogenetic or molecular subgroups. (B-C) Correlation of gene expression of MN1 and HOXA9 genes in 201 AML patients according to cytogenetic (B) and molecular (C) subgroups. Complex karyotype/loss of chromosome 5/loss of chromosome 7 AML is the only subgroup with positively correlated MN1 and HOXA9 expression, and with high expression of both genes. (D) Results of gene set enrichment analysis with 13 STAT signaling gene sets in AML patient subgroups using previously published gene expression profiles. Bars represent number of significantly enriched gene sets in subgroup (scale on left axis); line represents mean normalized enrichment score of the 13 gene sets tested (scale on right axis). *P < .02 for comparison of mean NES score in patients with complex karyotype/−5/−7 with any other cytogenetic or molecular subgroup.