Quantification of inflammatory cytokines in HBMEC culture supernatants. Confluent monolayers of HBMECs were coincubated with Pf-IRBCs or Pf-IRBC-Ps for 6 hours and supernatants were assayed by ELISA. Protein levels of Groα (A) and CCL20 (B) were detected in high range, which is in accordance with their mRNA levels, in contrast to low levels of TNFα (C). Control HBMECs and HBMECs coincubated with RBCs showed very little to no target protein. Data are presented as mean ± SD of duplicate experiments with 2 biologic replicates (n = 4).