IL-12, IL-23, and TGF-β differentially regulate IL-17 and IL-22 production. (A-D) ELISA assay for IL-22 and IL-17 production by naive T cells differentiated for 5 days in the presence of anti-CD3 + anti-CD28 and different cytokines; IL-17 and IL-22 production in supernatant was measured after 24 hours of restimulation with anti-CD3 + anti-CD28. Data are mean ± SEM of 4 donors. ***P < .001, **P < .01, and *P < .05 (Wilcoxon test). (E-H) ELISA for production of IL-22 and IL-17 by naive T cells differentiated with IL-23 or IL-12 or proinflammatory cytokines + IL-23 and different concentrations of TGF-β. Cytokines were measured after 24 hours of restimulation with anti-CD3 + anti-CD28. Cytokine amounts detected were normalized to the maximum value obtained for that cytokine across the whole set of condition, for each donor. Data are mean ± SEM of 3 donors.