Epigenetic gene regulation of M2-macrophages from S mansoni egg–challenged mice in vivo. Naive mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1.7% sodium chloride solution alone (sham group) or with 5000 S mansoni eggs in 1.7% sodium chloride solution (Schisto group; ie, Schisto ip in naive mice group) for 7 days. (A) The peritoneal macrophages from Schisto and the sham control group were incubated with or without IL-4 for 6 hours. The expression of Chi3l3, Retnla, Arg1, and Nos2 was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The data shown are “fold induction” relative to that in untreated cells from the sham group. (B) ChIP assay was performed to determine H3K27 methylation status on the promoter regions of Chi3l3, Retnla, and Arg1 in macrophages from both Schisto and sham groups. (C) Naive mice were intraperitoneally injected with 5000 S mansoni eggs (Schisto ip in naive group; ie, Schisto group). In addition, S mansoni–infected mice were intraperitoneally injected with 5000 S mansoni eggs (Schisto ipy in Schisto group). Jmjd3 mRNA levels in peritoneal macrophages from indicated group were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The data shown are “fold induction” relative to that in cells from the sham group. (D) Anti-Jmjd3 ChIP assay was performed on M2 marker promoter regions in macrophages from Schisto and control groups. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of 8 to 10 mice per group. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, compared with sham group.