In vitro impacts of CRA on DCs. (A) BM-DCs were cultured in the presence of CRA at the indicated concentrations with LPS (●) or vehicle alone (○) for 24 hours. Culture supernatants of the BM-DC cultures were examined for the release of indicated cytokines (mean ± SD, n = 3). The cell viability was determined by PI uptake. (B) Surface expression of MHC class II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 was examined on BM-DCs cultured with CRA at different concentrations in the presence of LPS (●) or vehicle alone (○; mean ± SD, n = 3). Asterisks indicate statistically significant (*P < .05; **P < .01) differences compared with the vehicle-treated control samples.