S36578 inhibited HIV-1 transcription. (A) S36578 inhibited HIV-1 Tat-induced transcription in HeLa cells. Percentage of HIV-1 transactivation compared with the untreated control is shown, measured as β-galactosidase activity 2 days after transfection of pcTat plasmid. Data are mean plus or minus SD of at least 3 independent experiments. (B) S36578 inhibited PMA-induced but not TNF-induced NF-κB transcription. Percentage of NF-κB induction depending on TNF-α (■) or PMA (□) measured as luciferase activity is shown. Data are mean plus or minus SD of at least 3 independent experiments. *P < .05; **P < .005; ***P < .001.