mLCs and mDCs express functional NOD1 and NOD2. Expression of NOD1 and NOD2, and TLR3 and TLR9, which were used as controls, in mLCs and mDCs was assessed using real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis (qPCR; A, mLCs; E, mDCs). mLCs and mDCs were stimulated by PGN (5 μg/mL), iE-DAP (for NOD1, 100 μg/mL), and MDP (for NOD2, 10 μg/mL) for 24 hours. mLCs (B-D) or mDCs (F-H) were stimulated via NOD receptors before (C,G) and after (D,H) HIV exposure. The expression of CD86 (B,F) and percentage of positive cells for HIV p24 (C,D,G,H) was assessed in langerin⁺ CD11c⁺ mLCs or CD11c⁺ mDCs (MFI, mean fluorescence intensity). Results are shown as means plus or minus SD (*P < .05). All data shown represent at least 2 separate experiments.