The spectrum of HIV-associated lymphomas. Relationship with EBV and KSHV infection. The spectrum of lymphomas occurring in HIV-infected patients includes pathologic subtypes displaying specific association with distinct viruses. BL and DLBCL-IB with plasmacytoid differentiation are often HIV associated and closely linked to EBV infection. The HIV-associated DLBCL-IB is distinct from other large cell lymphomas occurring in both HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients because HIV-associated DLBCL-IB lymphomas display a plasma cell–related phenotype; interestingly, the gene expression profile of PEL is plasmablastic. Therefore, most HIV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, including primary central nervous system lymphoma, systemic DLBCL IB-plasmacytoid, KSHV + PEL and its solid variant, and PBLs of the oral cavity type, display a phenotype related to plasma cells and are linked to EBV infection. Red circle indicates positive infection (inside are the percentages); empty circle indicates no infection. DLBCL-IB indicates diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-immunoblastic; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; KSHV, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus; MCD, multicentric Castleman disease; PBL, plasmablastic lymphoma; and PEL, primary effusion lymphoma.