γδ T lymphocytes producing IFN-γ and IL-17 have a memory phenotype. PBMCs from HIV-1–infected Pts (n = 20) or Hds (n = 10) were stained with PE-conjugated A13 or BB3 mAbs to identify Vδ1 (■) or Vδ2 (□) T cells, respectively, PerCP-conjugated anti-CD27 and Cy5-conjugated anti-CCR7 (A), or PerCP-conjugated anti-CCR6 and Cy5-conjugated anti-CCR4 (B). Then cells were fixed and permeabilized, and cytoplasmically stained with FITC-anti–IL-17 and PE-Cy7-anti–IFN-γ mAbs was performed on cells before or after 7 days of culture with Ca or PPD and rIL-2 was added on day 4. Samples were analyzed by FACSCanto flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson) gated on IFN-γ⁺IL-17⁺ Vδ1 or Vδ2 T cells. Results are expressed as percentage of double-positive cells; mean ± SD from 20 Pts or 10 Hds. *P < .01 versus Hds. **P < .01 versus cells cultured in the absence of antigens (−). (C-D) Total RNA from purified γδ T cells, HIV-1–infected Pts (n = 10), or Hds (n = 10) before and after 7 days of culture in the presence of Ca, as indicated, was reverse transcribed and amplified by Q-RT-PCR with specific primers for RORC (C) or TBX21 (D), compared with GAPDH. Results are expressed as fold increase of RORC or TBX21 mRNA versus GAPDH and are the mean ± SD from 10 Pts or 10 Hds. *P < .001 versus Hds. **P < .001 versus (−).