Embryonic/fetal globin gene expression in SCFA-induced eFLCs. (A) Percent embryonic β-type globin gene expression ([(β^H1 + ϵ^Y)/(β^H1 + ϵ^y + β^Adult)] × 100), in a representative experiment from E13.5 to 14.5 wt (n = 2) and PCCA KO (n = 2) eFLCs (which acted identically), after 72 hours of culture, in “no cytokines,” ins/EPO, or propionate, at from 0.025 to 5 mM. The arrow indicates the maximum endogenous propionate concentrations measured in fetal livers from PCCA KO. (B) Percent embryonic β-type globin gene expression at day 0 [1.7% (± 1.2%)] and at 72 hours in ins/EPO [0.1% (± 0.1%)], propionate [4.9% (± 2.2%)], butyrate [5.4% (± 3.4%)], or BIE [19.5% (± 8.3%), n = 6, 7, 4, 5, and 3 wt litters, respectively; *P < .05, for all relative to ins/EPO or day 0]. (C) Human fetal globin gene expression ([(^G+Aγ)/(^G+Aγ + β)] × 100) in eFLCs containing the 100 Kb human locus, at day 0 [11.2%(± 7.9%), n = 5], or after 72 hours in butyrate [32.6% (± 5.3%)], BIE [36.0% (± 7.0%)], or ins/EPO [3.9% (± 3.6%)] as shown (n = 4; *P < .05 relative to ins/EPO or day 0). (D) Percent human fetal β-type globin gene expression in E13.5 murine eFLCs, transgenic for the human β-globin gene locus, in 2 experiments after 72 hours in ins/EPO, or propionate, at from 0.34 to 10 mM. As in panel A, the arrow indicates maximum endogenous propionate concentrations in fetal livers from PCCA KO animals.