Lung inflammatory responses after RBC transfusion or systemic LPS in naive mice. (A) BAL cytokine concentrations in PBS, HEX, and RBC transfused groups in unstimulated mice (P ≤ .999 for all cytokines measured). (B) BAL total mononuclear cell counts (P = .930), total neutrophil counts (P = .815) or lung MPO activity (P = .294). (C) BAL cytokines MIP-2, KC, and IL-6 were elevated from baseline at 2 and 4 hours after LPS injection (P = .024 for MIP-2, KC, and IL-6 at 2 hours, P = .012 for MIP-2, P = .002 for KC, and P = .009 for IL-6 at 4 hours). TNFα concentrations in the BAL were significantly elevated 2 hours after LPS injection, but not at 4 hours (P ≤ .048 at 2 hours, P = .630 at 4 hours). (D) BAL total mononuclear cells (P = .658) and neutrophils 4 hours after LPS injection (P ≤ .999). Lung MPO activity was increased from baseline at 4 hours after tail vein LPS injection (P < .001). Data represent 3 independent experiments; n = 9-12 animals per group.