Time course of CD45RO⁻/RA⁺ CD27⁺ HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cells in untreated and HAART-treated participants. We determined the phenotype of HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cells in 22 treated and 13 untreated participants during and after PHI. The percentage of HIV-specific CD27⁺ CD45RO⁻/RA⁺ CD8⁺ T cells is represented at different time points (at inclusion and months 3, 6, 12, and 24 of HIV infection) in untreated participants (), HAART-treated participants (□), and participants treated after PHI () (median, range, and 25th-75th and 10th-90th percentiles). Statistical differences between groups are indicated above the bars.