VLPs, HIV-1 and exosomes enter mDCs through a mechanism resistant to proteolysis. mDC capture of (A) VLP_HIV-Gag-eGFP, (B) HIV_NL43, or (C) Exosomes_DiI. Pronase-treated or -untreated mDCs were pulsed for 15 minutes at 37°C with pronase or mock-treated VLP_HIV-Gag-eGFP, HIV_NL43, and Exosomes_DiI. Protease pretreatments of either the cells or the particles were insufficient to prevent the capture of VLP_HIV-Gag-eGFP, Exosomes_DiI or HIV_NL43 by mDCs. (C-E) Mean values and SEM from 6 independent experiments, including cells from at least 4 different donors.