Signaling agonists and their effects on HIV-1 reactivation. NP cells were infected with DHIV and 7 days after infection cells were left untreated, costimulated (CD3/CD28) in the presence of the indicated agonist for the protein or pathway indicated between parentheses for 3 days, and assessed for intracellular p24 gag expression by flow cytometry. In the case of cells stimulated with PHA, cells were also costimulated in the presence of the inhibitors PP2 (Lck) or CsA (NFAT). (A) Representative experiment. The percentage of p24-postive cells is indicated in each panel. (B) Box-plots corresponding to 3 different donors. Horizontal lines indicate median values and significance by 2-tailed paired-samples t test analysis (P values provided).