Lipid structural specificity of OxPL-induced up-regulation of VEGF mRNA. HUVECs were stimulated for 6 hours with indicated lipids resuspended in medium 199 containing 2% FCS. The incubation was terminated by Trizol, followed by RNA extraction and VEGF mRNA quantification by RT-qPCR. The expression levels of VEGF were normalized to those of β₂-microglobulin mRNA. (A) HUVECs were stimulated with 130 μM of OxPAPC or individual OxPLs. (B) HUVECs were treated with increasing concentrations of OxPAPC or lysoPC. (C) The stimulation of HUVECs was performed by increasing concentrations of oxidized arachidonic acid (OxAA). (Inset) Results of HUVEC stimulation with 130 μM of OxPAPC, oxidized (OxAA) or unoxidized arachidonic acid (AA). Error bars represent SD.