Neointima formation and carotid artery remodeling in CD40-Twt, CD40-T2/3/5, CD40-T6, and CD40-TRAF2/3/5&6 mice. Representative cross-sections are shown in panels A-D; n = 14, n = 10, n = 7, and n = 14, respectively. Neointima was measured at individual levels (200-μm intervals) throughout the ligated artery segments (E), and neointimal volume was calculated (F). Furthermore, volumes of lumen (G) and total vessel wall (H) were calculated, as well as intima/media ratios (I) and maximal stenosis rates (J). *P < .05 compared with CD40-Twt mice. Neointima formation in CD40-T6 mice was significantly reduced compared with CD40-Twt mice at levels 1-5, whereas reduction in neointima formation in CD40-T2/3/5&6 mice was significant at levels 2-7. Error bars represent SEM.