Chemokine receptors expression in WM. (A) CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, and CCR8 expression in WM cell lines, including WM-WSU (WSU), BCWM.1 (BC), a representative patient sample (WM) and a representative normal bone marrow CD19⁺ cells (NBM). A total of 3 patient samples and 3 normal marrow samples were tested. GAPDH was used as control. (B) Chemokine receptors and adhesion molecule expression and CXCR4 expression in 10 patient samples using flow cytometry. The table shows the mean and range of expression of all the CXCR, CCR receptors, and adhesion molecules. The right panel shows BCWM.1 cell line and CD19⁺ WM cells from a primary patient using flow cytometry and compared with IgG₁ control. (C) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for SDF-1 level (pg/mL) demonstrates that the level of SDF-1 is significantly higher in the bone marrow of WM patients (N = 12, *P = .001.) and peripheral blood of WM patients (N = 15, **P = .004) compared with healthy volunteer control BM supernatants (N = 12).