Treatment outline ALL-BFM 95. Details of treatment elements are listed in Table 1. Results of the randomization R2 and data on stem cell transplantation have been published before.24-26 Dose of presymptomatic cranial radiotherapy was 12 Gy for patients aged 1 year or older. Therapeutic irradiation dose for patients with initial involvement of the central nervous system was 12 Gy for patients 1 to 2 years and 18 Gy for patients more than 2 years of age. Infants younger than 1 year were neither preventively nor therapeutically irradiated. SR indicates standard risk; MR, medium risk; HR, high risk; PDN, prednisone; VCR, vincristine; DNR, daunorubicin; ASP, E coli L-asparaginase; MTX, methotrexate; 6-MP, 6-mercaptopurine; ARA-C, cytarabine; CPM, cyclophosphamide; DXM, dexamethasone; DOX, doxorubicin; 6-TG, 6-thioguanine; HD, high dose; ID, intermediate dose; IT, intrathecal; TIT, triple intrathecal therapy; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; MT, maintenance therapy; SCT, stem cell transplantation; pCRT, presymptomatic cranial radiotherapy.
